Maharashtra State Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Q. 1: Fill in the blank.
a) Archaeological evidence shows that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and …………..
(Iran, Iraq, Dubai)
Answer: Iraq.
b) The houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of ……………. (earth, bricks, wattle and daub)
Answer: wattle and daub.
Q.2: Answer the following question in brief.
a) What are the three main steps in the process of domesticating a wild animal?
Answer: 1) Capture the wild animal.
2) Taming the wild animal by giving them the training to live with humans.
3) Obtaining useful materials like milk from these animals and training them to work as beasts of burden for the humans.
b) How did some people in the community become skilled craftsmen?
Answer:
There was more food available than was needed by the community. Some women and men thus began to get spare time for experimentation. They started to experiment and explore their natural creativity. They used this opportunity to develop and became special skilled craftsmen.
Q. 3. Complete the following concept chart.
Answer :
Q. 4: Write about the usefulness of any five domesticated animals.
Answer: Cow: Cows are helpful animals. People keep them for their milk. Cow dung is used to coat mud walls and in yards. Dried cow dung is also used as fuel and as a natural fertilizer for farming.
Dog: Dogs are loyal and useful animals. They guard homes and villages.
Horse: Horses are strong, fast animals. People use their strength to pull carriages and carry heavy things. They’re also used for travel.
Sheep: Sheep give wool and milk, which are useful. People keep them for their meat too.
Bullocks: Bullocks are strong and easy to train. People use them to pull carts and carry heavy loads from one place to another.
Q. 5 :Which animal is used by the modern police? In what way?
Answer: Modern police use dogs.
– Dogs help in investigating crimes by sniffing body odors and blood stains on clothes.
– They guide the police to people who have committed serious crimes like murder.
Additional Questions:
Fill in the blanks:
Question 1.
When the third step is achieved, the animal is supposed to be completely ……….
Domesticating animals and keeping them for our own use is called ……….
The …….. is the first animal to have been domesticated.
………..and………… were domesticated next.
Dogs were used to help with ………….
…….. are credited to have started cultivation.
They used ………….. Sticks to sow seeds.
People had to stay in one place because of the nature of ………… work.
………………….. production increased considerably after the plough drawn by animals came into use.
…………. became the main source of livelihood.
People began to worship ……. and various ………. for good crops.
People in the village-settlements established some ………. and ……. to manage things.
Before agriculture, all men and women were continuously engaged in getting ……….
With agricultural production increasing, some men and women began to get ……….. time.
They used their spare time for using their natural creativity to develop……… skills.
Members with such special skills were given ………. based on those skills.
It is believed that in the New Stone Age, ……… made earthen pots and other earthen objects by hand.
The farmers in the village-settlements were now producing……….. food.
They needed skilled ……………. for tasks like making agricultural implements and repairing them
Craftsmen were paid in the form of …………..
………… is an essential item.
Salt traders also traded articles they received in exchange of ………..
The ………. trade helped in the expansion of trade in the New Stone Age.
People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the ………… of village settlements.
The chiefs were also entrusted with the …… of the village.
The population of the village settlements ………. because food was available in plenty
The ……… became permanent and expanded.
People began to build ………. houses of sun dried bricks.
It appears that the people of the village settlements belonged to a single …………..
The entire village-settlement was an ………….. family.
A dead person was buried either in the ……….. or in the ……..
In the ………… system, it became possible to store food grains.
Answer:
domesticated
animal husbandry
dog
goat, sheep
hunting
uxomen
pointed
agricultural
agricultural
agriculture
nature, deities
rules, customs
food
spare
special
work
women
surplus
craftsmen
foodgrains
salt
salt
salt
chiefs
protection
grew
village-settlements
quadrangular
clan
extended
house, courtyard
agricultural
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Match the following:
Question 1.
Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
- Source of livelihood a. Women
- Sowing of seeds b. New Stone Age
- Earthen pots c. Protection
- Moats d. Agriculture
Answer:
Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
- Source of livelihood d. Agriculture
- Sowing of seeds a. Women
- Earthen pots b. New Stone Age
- Moats c. Protection
Answer each of the following questions in one sentence:
Question 1.
What is animal husbandry?
Answer:
Domesticating animals and keeping them for one’s use is called animal husbandry.
Question 2.
Which is the first animal to have been domesticated?
Answer:
The dog is the first animal to have been domesticated.
Question 3.
Who domesticated the dog?
Answer:
Homo sapiens of the Middle Stone Age domesticated the dog.
Question 4.
How were the dogs used?
Answer:
Dogs were used to help in hunting.
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Question 5.
Which animals were domesticated after the dog?
Answer:
The goat and sheep were domesticated after the dog
Question 21.
Who was entrusted with the protection of the village?
Answer:
The chiefs were also entrusted with the task of protection of the village.
Question 7.
Who are given the credit to have started cultivation?
Answer:
Women are credited to have started cultivation
Question 8.
What did they use to sow seeds?
Answer:
They used pointed sticks to sow seeds.
Question 9.
How did the agricultural production increase considerably?
Answer:
Agricultural production increased considerably after the plough driven by animals came into use.
Question 10.
What was the main source of livelihood for people in the New Stone Age?
Answer:
Agriculture was the main source of livelihood for the people in the New Stone Age.
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Question 11.
What did the people do in order to grow good crops?
Answer:
People began to worship nature and various deities to grow good crops.
Question 12.
What gained importance in the village settlement?
Answer:
Essential things like sharing of agricultural tasks and water resources and the security of the village-settlements gained importance.
Question 13.
How did the New Stone Age women make earthen pots?
Answer:
The New Stone Age women made earthen pots and other earthen objects by hand.
Question 14.
Why were the craftsmen needed?
Answer:
Craftsmen were needed for tasks like making agricultural implements and repairing them.
Question 15.
How were the craftsmen paid?
Answer:
The craftsmen were paid in the form of food grains or other articles.
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Question 16.
What is the barter system?
Answer:
Buying and selling articles by exchanging goods for goods is called barter system.
Question 17.
What was an essential item in the village settlement?
Answer:
Salt was an essential item in the village settlement.
Question 18.
How did the salt traders trade?
Answer:
Salt traders traded articles they received in exchange of salt.
Question 19.
Why did the village community lay down rules?
Answer:
The village community laid rules for mutual co-operation in order to keep this system of trade and distribution of resources running smoothly.
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Question 20.
Who became the chiefs of village settlements?
Answer:
People responsible for the implementation of these rules became the chiefs of villagesettlements.
Q. 21: When and where did agriculture begin?
Answer:
Archaeological evidence is available to show that agriculture first began about 11,000 years ago in Israel and Iraq.
Question 22.
Why did they build protective walls and moats around the village-settlements?
Answer:
They built protective walls and moats around the village-settlements to protect them selues from floods, wild animals and outsiders who stole the village cattle.
Question 23.
What were the houses at the beginning of New Stone Age made of?
Answer:
Houses at the beginning of the New Stone Age were made of wattle and daub?
Question 24.
Why were there differences in the style of constructing houses?
Answer:
Regional differences are seen in the styles of constructing houses, depending on the local climate.
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Question 25.
Why did the population of village settlements grow?
Answer:
The population of village-settlements grew because food was available in plenty.
Give reasons for the following:
Question 1.
The stick used for sowing was weighed in the centre using a perforated stone.
Answer:
In order to dig deeper into the soil to sow the seeds, the stick was weighted in the centre using a perforated stone.
Question 2.
Before agriculture, men and women in the community were continuously busy.
Answer:
Before agriculture, people obtained food by hunting and gathering.
But this food could not be stored for a long time.
Therefore, all men and women in the community were continuously engaged in acquiring food.
Question 3.
Walls and moats were built around the village settlement.
Answer:
Protective walls and moats were built around the village-settlements to protect them from floods, wild animals and outsiders who stole village cattle.
Question 4.
The village-settlements grew.
Answer:
i. The population of the village-settlements grew because food was available in plenty after agriculture
ii. They also built bigger houses to accommodate their expanding population.
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Question 5.
The entire village-settlement was an extended family.
Answer:
It appears from the plans of the houses and the village-settlements that people staying there belonged to a single class.
It means that they were all related to one another.
Thus, the entire village-settlement was an extended family
Question 6.
Women and men began to get spare time to develop special skills.
Answer:
In the agricultural system, it became possible to store foodgrains for a long period.
There was sufficient food for the community.
Therefore, women and men began to get spare time to use their natural creativity to develop special skills.
Question 7.
People began to worship nature and various deities.
Answer:
i. Agriculture became the main source of livelihood in the New Stone Age period.
ii. Thus, people began to worship nature and various deities for good crops.
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Question 8.
The farmers needed skilled craftsmen.
Answer:
i. Farmers in the village-settlements were producing surplus food.
ii. Therefore, they needed skilled craftsmen for making agricultural implements and repairing them.
Question 9.
A dead person was buried either in the house or in the courtyard.
Answer:
The people thought that the dead person’s bond with family should not get cut off after death.
Answer the following questions in brief:
Question 1.
How was cultivation carried out by women?
Answer:
Women are credited to have started cultivation.
They used pointed sticks to sow seeds.
In order to help dig deeper into the soil, the stick was weighted in the centre using a perforated stone.
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Q. 2: Describe the structure of houses in the New Stone Age.
Answer: In the early New Stone Age, houses were built using wattle and daub. This means they had walls made of woven sticks or bamboo covered with mud or cow dung. As villages grew, people started building larger rectangular houses out of sun-dried bricks. These houses had multiple rooms. Different regions built houses differently based on their local weather and climate.
Q. 3: How did a social system based on agriculture came into existence?
Answer: Essential things like sharing of agricultural tasks and water resources and the security of the village-settlement gained importance.
People in the village-settlements established some rules and customs to manage these things.
Thus, a social system based on agriculture came into existence.
Question 4.
How was barter system established?
Answer:
When the farmers in the village-settlements
produced surplus food, they felt the need for skilled craftsmen who would provide them with agricultural implements and also repair them.
Such craftsmen were paid in the form of food grains or other articles. The craftsmen also purchased the required raw material in the form of foodgrains and other useful articles.
Thus, buying and selling by exchanging goods for goods called barter system was established.
Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life
Q. 5: Describe the ritual of burying the dead in the village settlements.
Answer: i. A dead person was buried either in the house or in the courtyard with the idea that the person’s bond with the family should not get cut off even after death.
ii. Families would also bury various articles with the dead person for them to use even after death.
–> Maharashtra Board Class 5 EVS Solutions Part 2 Chapter 8 Beginning of Settled Life.
