Class 7 Science Solution: 2 – Plants Structure and Function

Plants Structure and Function – Class 7 Science, Chapter 2 – All Questions And Answers of Maharashtra State Board

Balbharti English Medium – Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function. Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers and some Notes.

Q. 1. Give examples of 3 plants that have:

a. Spiny fruits
Answer: Jack fruit, Pineapple, Dhatura, Lychee

b. Spiny stem
Answer: Cactus, Rose, Silk, Cotton

c. Red flowers
Answer: Rose, Hibiscus, Tulips, Red Daisy

d. Yellow flowers
Answer: Marigold, Sunflower, Daisy, Daffodil,

e. Leaves which close at night
Answer: Mimosa plant, Gulmohar, Tallwood

f. Single seeded fruits
Answer: Mango, Jamun, Lychee

g. Many seeded fruits
Answer: Custard apple, Watermelon, Papaya, Pomegranate.

Q. 2. Observe any one flower and its various parts and describe it in your own words.

Answer: A flower has following parts:

1. Pedicel:
   (a) Flower may have a long or a short stalk called pedicel.
   (b) One end of the pedicel is attached to the stem.
   (c) Petals and other parts of the flower are supported on the receptacle.
2. Calyx:
   In the bud condition, the petals are covered by leaf like parts called sepals which are green in colour. They form the calyx.
3. Corolla: This is made up of colourful parts called petals.
4. Androecium:
   (a) This is the male reproductive part of the flower.
   (b) It consists of stamens.
   (c) Each stamen is made up of anther and filament.
5. Gynoecium:
   (a) This is the female reproductive part of the flower,
   (b) This is made up of carpels,
   (c) A carpel consists of stigma, style and ovary.

Q. 3. What are the similarities and differences between?

a. Jowar and Moong
Differences: Jowar Moong

Jowar	Moong
i. It has fibrous root.	i. It has tap root.
ii. It is a monocotyledonous seed.	ii. It is a dicotyledonous seed.
iii. It is a rabi crop.	iii. It is a kharif crop

Similarities:
– Jowar and Moong both are angiosperms.

b. Onion and Coriander
Differences: Onion Coriander

Onion	Coriander
i. It is a biennial plant.	i. It is an annual plant.
ii. It has monocoty­ledonous seed.	ii. It has dicotyledonous seeds.
iii. It has fibrous root.	iii. It has tap root but later on changes to fibrous root system.

Similarities:
– Both are used in cooking.
– Both are edible.
– Both belongs to kingdom plantae.

c. Leaves of banana and Leaves of mango
Answer: Leaves of banana Leaves of mango

Leaves of banana	Leaves of mango
i. It has parallel venation.	i. It has reticulate venation.
ii.  It is very large in size.	ii. It is small in size.
iii. It is a monocotyledonous plant.	iii. It is a dicotyledonous plant.

d. Coconut tree and Jowar stalk plant
Answer: Differences: Coconut tree Jowar stalk plant

Coconut tree	Jowar stalk plant
i. It is tall and has a thick stem	i. It is small and has a thin stem.
ii. It has strong root system.	ii. It has weak root system.
iii. Each and every part of tree is useful.	iii. Only seeds are useful.

Similarities:
– Both are from same kingdom plantae.
– Both are autotrophic.
– Both are monocotyledonous plants.

Q.4 : Explain the following images in your own words.

a. Answer:

Diagram A is of maize seed. It is a monocotyledonous seed and does not divide into two equal parts. The plant has fibrous root system.
Diagram B is of bean seed. It is a dicotyledonous seed and it divides into two equal parts. The plant has tap root system.

Q. 5. Describe the functions of various parts of a plant.

Answer: The functions of various parts of a plant are as below.

1. Root: (a) Fixation: It anchors the plant body to the soil, so helps in fixation, (b) Absorption: It absorbs water and nutrients from the soil, so helps in absorption, (c) Conduction: The root translocates water and mineral salts into the stem. (d) Storage: A certain amount of food is stored in the root which is utilized as it grows.
   (e) Preventing soil erosion: It helps to bind the soil particles and prevent them from being blown away by wind or water.
2. Stem: (a) It supports and holds leaves, flower and fruits, (b) The stem conducts the water and minerals from roots to leaves and fruits, (c) It stores the food.
3. Leaves: (a) It synthesizes food for the plant, (b) Stomata, the tiny openings in the leaf help in gaseous exchange and are responsible for the process of transpiration.
4. Flower: It helps in pollination.
5. Fruit: (a) It protects the seed, (b) It helps in seed dispersal.
6. Seed: A new plant develops from it.

Q. 6. Certain properties are mentioned below. Find a leaf corresponding to each property and describe those plants.

leaves with smooth surface, leaves with rough surface, fleshy leaf, spines on leaf.

Answer:
Leaves with smooth surface: e.g. Banana leaf. It is large in size. It is closely rolled up one over the other. Together they look like a trunk but they form only an apparent trunk. It has parallel venation.

Leaves with rough surface: e.g. Hibiscus leaf. It has reticulate venation. Leaf margin is toothed.

Fleshy leaf: e.g. Jade plant, water hyacinth. It has fleshy, glossy and smooth leaves. They are coloured jade green and having a slightly red tinge towards the edge of leaves when exposed to higher level of light.

Spines on leaf: e.g. Opuntia, Ci/cas, kevda. Opuntia is a desert plant. Leaf is thick, fleshy and having spines on it.

Q. 7. Find the plant parts.

a. Answer:
ROOT, ROOT CAP, ROOT HAIR, BUD, PETALS, STEM, RADICLE, FLOWER, LEAF, VEIN, CALYX, NODE, OVUM.

Important Questions and Answers

Plants Structure And Function Exercise Fill in the blanks:

Q. 1. The part that grows from inside the seed towards the soil is called the …………….. .
Answer: radicle

Q. 2. The part that grows above the soil from the seed is called the …………….. .
Answer: plumule

Q.3. The part of the plant growing below the soil from radicle for support is called …………….. .
Answer: root

Q. 4. The …………….. protects the root-tip from injuries.
Answer: root cap

Q.5. Roots bearing hair like processes near the root tips are called …………….. .
Answer: root hairs

Q.6. Thread-like or fibre like roots arising from the stem are called ……………. .
Answer: fibrous roots

Q.7. The stem grows above the soil from the …………….. of the sprouting seed.
Answer: plumule

Q.8. Leaves come out at the …………….. .
Answer: nodes

Q. 9. The part of the stem between two nodes is called …………….. .
Answer: inter node

Q. 10. The tip or the apical end of the stem is called a …………….. .
Answer: bud

Q. 11. The broad, spread out part of the leaf is called the …………….. or …………….. .
Answer: leaf blade, lamina

Q. 12. The tip of the leaf is called the …………….. .
Answer: leaf apex

Q. 13. Leaves of some plants have a stalk called a …………….. .
Answer: petiole

Q. 14. The portion of the leaf attached to the stem is called the …………….. .
Answer: leaf base

Q. 15. Small leaf like structures near the leaf base is called …………….. .
Answer: stipides

Q.16. Flowers may have a long or a short stalk called …………….. .
Answer: pedicel

Q. 17. One end of the pedicel is attached to the …………….. .
Answer: stem

Q.18. …………….. is a male reproductive organ of the flower.
Answer: Androecium

Q. 19. …………….. is a female reproductive organ of the
Answer: gynoecium

Q. 20. Androecium consists of …………….. .
Answer: stamens

Q. 21. Gynoecium consists of …………….. .
Answer: carpels

Q. 22. Seeds which get divided into two equal parts are called …………….. seeds.
Answer: dicotyledonous

Q. 23. Seeds which do not divide into two equal parts are …………….. called seeds.
Answer: monocotyledonous

Q. 24. Petals and other parts of the flower are supported on the …………….. .
Answer: receptacle

Q. 25. Sepals are …………….. in colour.
Answer: green.

Match the columns:

Question 1.

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’

1. Peepal a. carpels
2. Maize b. stamen
3. Androecium c. parallel venation
4. Gynoecium d. reticulate venation
   Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’

1. Peepal d. reticulate venation
2. Maize c. parallel venation
3. Androecium b. stamen
4. Gynoecium a. carpels
   

Question 2.

Column ‘A’ Column B’

1. Tap roots a. stem
2. Fibrous roots b. root
3. Radicle c. monocotyledonous plants
4. Plumule d. dicotyledonous plants
   Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column B’

1. Tap roots d. dicotyledonous plants
2. Fibrous roots c. monocotyledonous plants
3. Radicle b. root
4. Plumule a. stem
   

Question 3.

Column A’ Column B’

1. Leaf-tip a. petiole
2. Edge of leaf blade b. leaf margin
3. Portion of leaf attached to stem c. lamina
4. Stalk of leaf d. leaf apex
   e. leaf base
   Answer:

Column A’ Column B’

1. Leaf-tip d. leaf apex
2. Edge of leaf blade b. leaf margin
3. Portion of leaf attached to stem e. leaf base
4. Stalk of leaf a. petiole
   

Say whether True or False Correct and rewrite the false statements:

Question 1.
Stem grows from radicle.
Answer:
False. Stem grows from the Plumule

Question 2.
Leaf margins may be entire, dentate or lobed.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The leaf blade of leaves in some plants is divided into many small parts called leaflets.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Maize plant has reticulate venation.
Answer:
False. Maize plant has parallel venation

Question 5.
A carpel consists of stigma, style and ovary.
Answer:
True.

Question 6.
A stamen is made up of nodes and internodes.
Answer:
False. A stamen is made up of anther filament

Question 7.
The ovary develops into a fruit.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Fertilized ovules form the seeds.
Answer:
True

Question 9.
A mango fruit contains many seeds.
Answer:
False. A mango fruit contains only one seed

Question 10.
A fruit like cashew have seed outside the fruit.
Answer:
True.

Question 11.
Leaves of some plants do not have a petiole.
Answer:
True

Question 12.
The peepal leaf has parallel venation.
Answer:
False. It has reticulate venation.

Find the odd one out:

Question 1.
Pea, Moong, maize, groundnut
Answer:
Maize – Its seed is monocotyledonous, while others have dicotyledonous seeds.

Question 2.
Cashew, apple, mango, chikoo
Answer:
Cashew – Its seed is outside the fruit, others have internal seeds.

Question 3.
Stigma, anther, style, ovary
Answer:
Anther – It is a part of androecium, while others are a part of gynoecium.

Question 4.
Petiole, vein, calyx, apex
Answer:
Calyx – It is a part of flower, whereas others are parts of leaf.

Question 5.
Aerial, stilt, runner, lobed
Answer:
Lobed – It is a type of leaf margin, while others are types of modified roots.

Answer the following in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Which types of roots do the fenugreek, spinach and onion plants have?
Answer:

Fenugreek and spinach have tap roots with a few secondary roots whereas onion has fibrous root.
Fenugreek roots also have some nodules which contain nitrogen fixing bacteria.
Question 2.
What are called prop roots?
Answer:
Roots emerging from the trunk and branches of a banyan tree grow towards the soil. These roots are called prop roots.

Question 3.
What is called reticulate venation?
Answer:

A leaf is divided into two equal parts by a single mid-vein which lies along the midline of the leaf blade.
Secondary veins arise from the mid-vein. They are branched and form a network or reticulum. Such a type of venation is called reticulate venation.
Question 4.
What is called parallel venation?
Answer:
In a leaf all the veins are parallel, running from the leaf base to the leaf apex. Such a venation is called parallel venation.

Question 5.
What is pollination?
Answer:
After maturity, anthers burst and the pollen grains which are released fall on the stigma. This process is called pollination.

Question 6.
Why are the underground parts of plants like radish, carrot, beet and sweet potato thick, fleshy and swollen? Which parts of the plant are they?
Answer:
The underground parts of plants like radish, carrot, beet and sweet potato are thick, fleshy and swollen because they store food in the form of starch. These are the root part of the plant.

Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Tap roots and fibrous roots.
Answer:

Tap roots Fibrous roots

1. Roots of some plants produce secondary roots that grow obliquely and spread far and wide in the soil. This type of root is called a tap root. 1. Thread like or fibre roots arising from the stem are called fibrous roots.
2. It is found in dicotyledonous plant. 2. It is found in monocotyle-donous plant.
   Question 2.
   Dicotyledonous seeds and monocotyledonous seeds.
   Answer:

Dicotyledonous seeds Monocotyledonous seeds

1. Seeds which get divided into two equal parts are called dicotyledonous seeds. 1. Seeds which do not divide into two equal parts are called monocotyledonous seeds.
2. Dicotyledonous seeded plants have tap root system. 2. Monocotyledonous seeded plants have fibrous root system.
   

Draw neat and labelled diagram for the following:

Question 1. Tap root

Question 2.
Parts of a leaf.
Answer:

Question 3.
Parts of stem
Answer:

Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What would have happened if plants like tamarind, banyan and mango had fibrous roots?
Answer:
If plants like banyan, mango, tamarind had fibrous roots they would get uprooted and fall even with a little strong wind as the roots would not be able to support and anchor the trees firmly.

Question 2.
What will happen if the root-tip is injured?
Answer:

Root cap helps the root to grow downward It protects the sensitive part of the root and eases the movement of the root through the soil.
Injury of the root tip causes the root to grow randomly and it also may lead to injury of the sensitive part of the root.

Question 3.
Which types of roots do the fenugreek, spinach and onion plants have?
Answer:

Fenugreek and spinach have tap roots with a few secondary roots whereas onion has fibrous root.
Fenugreek roots also have some nodules which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Question 4.
Of what use to a plant are the insects flitting about around its flowers?
Answer:

The insects try to suck the nectar from the flowers and in that process the pollen grains stick to their legs.
When they sit on another flower the pollen grain stick to the stigma and the pollination takes place. Thus, these insects help in the pollination.

2. Additional Questions:

a. Lable parts 1 to 6.
Answer: Gynoecium or carpel
Corolla
Androecium (Stamen)
Ovary
Corolla
Pedicel

b. Name the female reproductive part.
Answer: Gynoecium

c. Name the colourful part of the flower.
Answer: Corolla

d. Which part develops into fruit?
Answer: Ovary

e. Which pa pollination?
Answer: The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of flower is called pollination.

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