Nutrition and Diet Class 6 | Science Chapter 7 | Maharashtra State Board, Solutions

Nutrition and Diet – Solutions Chapter 7 Balbharti Maharashtra State Board Class 6 Science Notes.

Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers.

Q.1: Fill in the blanks:

(a) The process of intake of food and utilizing it for all life processes is called ……………. .
Ans: nutrition

(b) All the substances in our food which are useful for various body processes are called ………… .
Ans: nutrients

(c) Carbohydrates and …………. provide …………… to our body.
Ans: fats, energy

(d) In a balanced diet, all the nutrients are present in the ……………. proportion.
Ans: right

(e) In the food pyramid, cereals are given the maximum space because they fulfill our …………… requirement.
Ans: energy

(f) Intake of more food than necessary causes ………….. .
Ans: overnutrition

Q.2: Spot the following in the table of vitamins and minerals.

(a) The nutrient present in citrous fruits.
Ans: Vitamin C

(b) Vitamins/minerals present in milk.
Ans: Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus.

(c) Causes and symptoms of night blindness, scurvy, rickets, beriberi.
Ans:

Diseases	Causes	Symptoms
1. Night blindness	Deficiency of Vitamin A	Inability to see in dim light
2. Scurvy	Deficiency of Vitamin C	Bleeding of gums
3. Rickets	Deficiency of Vitamin D	Softening of bones
4. Beri-beri	Deficiency of Vitamin B1	Nerve disorder, muscle weakness

(d) Foods required to prevent the above diseases.
Ans:

Diseases	Causes	Symptoms	Food for prevention
1. Night blindness	Deficiency of Vitamin A	Inability to see in dim light	Carrots, milk, dark green vegetables.
2. Scurvy	Deficiency of Vitamin C	Bleeding of gums	Amla, kiwi, oranges and citrus fruits.
3. Rickets	Deficiency of Vitamin D	Softening of bones	Exposure to sunlight, milk, fish, egg, butter.
4. Beri-beri	Deficiency of Vitamin B1	Nerve disorder, muscle weakness	Milk, fish, meat, cereals, nuts, pulses

(e) Causes of Anaemia.
Ans: Deficiency of Vitamin B₁₂, iron.

(f) Essential mineral for healthy bones and teeth.
Ans: Calcium, phosphorus.

(g) Sensory organ affected due to the deficiency of Vitamin A.
Ans: Eyes, skin.

3. Choose the correct alternative. 

(a) Pulses are a very good source of ……………. .
(1) carbohydrates
(2) proteins
(3) fats
(4) minerals
Ans: (2) proteins

(b) …………. provide maximum energy to our body.
(1) Cereals
(2) Leafy Vegetables
(3) Water
(4) Amla
Ans: (1) Cereals

(c) Goitre is caused by the deficiency of ……….. .
(1) iron
(2) calcium
(3) iodine
(4) potassium
Ans: (3) iodine

(d) ……….. is a type of junk food.
(1) Orange
(2) Milk
(3) Bhakri
(4) Chocolate
Ans: (4) Chocolate

4. Use the food pyramid to select food items of your choice for three days.
Conditions:

Q. 1. The diet for all three days should be balanced.

2. There should be variety in the items chosen for the three days.
Ans: Day 1: Cereal like cornflakes and milk, apple, roti, vegetable and dal.

Day 2: Bread and butter with milk, rice or roti and chicken, curd, any one type of fruit, salad.

Day 3: Kanda Poha, Green vegetable and dal with rice or roti, raita, one fruit, vegetable sandwich.

Additional questions for practice :

Match the columns:
Q 1.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Carbohydrates	a. resistance to diseases
2. Proteins	b. energy
3. Fibre	c. growth
4. Vitamins	d. excretion

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Carbohydrates	b. energy
2. Proteins	c. growth
3. Fibre	d. excretion
4. Vitamins	a. resistance to diseases

Q 2.

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Vitamin A	a. Scurvy
2. Vitamin C	b. Excessive bleeding
3. Vitamin D	c. Skin disorders
4. Vitamin E	d. Nightblindness
5. Vitamin K	e. Rickets

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
1. Vitamin A	d. Nightblindness
2. Vitamin C	a. Scurvy
3. Vitamin D	e. Rickets
4. Vitamin E	c. Skin disorders
5. Vitamin K	b. Excessive bleeding

Pick out the odd one:

Q. 1. Chocolate, chapatti, banana, milk
Answer: Chocolate

Q. 2. Rice, chapatti, carrot, dal.
Answer: Carrot

Q. 3. Scurvy, Rickets, Beriberi, Goitre.
Answer: Goitre

Q. 4. Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E
Answer: Vitamin C

Answer the following:

Q. 1. Why do living things need food and water?
Answer: Living things take food and water and use them for:

1. Obtaining energy
2. Growth of the body
3. Carrying out day to day functions of the body.
4. Fighting against diseases

Q. 2. Name the main nutrients in our food.
Answer: There are six main nutrients in our food. They are:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Fats
3. Proteins
4. Fibres
5. Vitamins
6. minerals

Q. 3. Vitamin C rich food should be eaten raw. Why?
Answer:

1. Vitamin C is very sensitive to heat and light.
2. It is destroyed easily during cooking. Hence, Vitamin C rich food should be eaten raw.

Q. 4. What is balanced diet? Give its significance.
Answer:
A diet containing adequate quantities of all nutrients is called as balanced diet. Significance of a balanced diet are as follows :

1. An increased capacity to work.
2. Good physical and mental health.
3. Increased capacity to fight/resist diseases.
4. Helps in proper growth of the body.

Q. 5. How do we get energy from the food?
Answer:

1. We get energy in the form of heat from the food we eat.
2. Heat is measured in kilocalories (calories).
3. Hence, the energy in food items is also measured in kilocalories (calories).

Write short notes.

Q. 1. Vitamins:
Answer: 1. Vitamins are important for our body, even though we need them in small amounts. They help us fight diseases. Lack of vitamins can cause health problems, like night blindness from low Vitamin A and rickets from low Vitamin D. We get vitamins from vegetables, fruits, milk, fish, and meat.
2. There are two types of vitamins: water-soluble and fat-soluble.
3. Vitamin B and C are water-soluble. They mix with water and leave the body through sweat and urine. So, we need them regularly. Vitamin B has types like B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, and B12.
4. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. They do not mix with water and get stored in our body.

Q. 2. Junk food:
Answer: 1. Foods which gives us energy but do not supply the necessary nutrients are called junk food.
2. Foods like chocolate, pizzas, burgers, noodles, fried foods like pakoda are junk food.
3. These foods contain refined flour, sugar and oil in large proportion.
4. By consume these foods frequently, our body gets shortage of proteins, vitamins and minerals.
5. This may lead to malnutrition and obesity.

Give the answer for following :

Q. 1. Which are the various groups of foodstuff? Which main constituents of food do we get?
Answer : The various groups of foodstuffs are:

1. Milk and milk products, meat, fish, eggs.
2. Cereals and pulses
3. Vegetables and fruits.
4. Fatty substances oil, butter and ghee.

There are six main nutrients in our food: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, fibres, vitamins and minerals.

Nutrients	Foodstuffs
1. Carbohydrates	Cereals and pulses
2. Protein	Milk product, meat, fish, eggs
3. Fats	Butter, oil, ghee
4. Fibres	fruits and vegetables

Give scientific reasons:

Q. 1. Deficiency of vitamin B and C are common in our body.
Answer: 1. Vitamin B and vitamin C are water soluble vitamins.
2. They are thrown out of the body through the water in sweat and urine.
3. Hence, a regular supply of these vitamins is essential.
4. If we don’t intake food rich in these vitamins, deficiency occurs.

Q. 2. Exposure to sunlight is essential.
Answer: 1. On exposure to sunlight our body synthesizes Vitamin D from substances in milk, fish, eggs and butter.
2. Its deficiency causes softening of bones (Rickets).
3. Vitamin D helps in absorbing calcium and phosphorous for healthy bones and teeth.
4. Hence, exposure to sunlight is essential.

Q. 3. Adulteration of food:
Answer: To earn more profits, cheaper substances of low quality called adulterants, are mixed with the foodstuffs. The mixing adulterants to foodstuffs is called adulteration of food. Adulterants may be poisonous or harmful and such food is impure and unfit for consumption.
Some of the adulterants added to foodstuffs are given below:

Q. 7 Using the food items given below, prepare a balanced diet pyramid.

[Chapatti, banana, carrot, butter, Nan, egg, bread, cheese, dal, spinach, milk]
Answer:

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