The Living World: Adaptations and Classification – Class 7 Science Chapter 1 Textbook Questions and Answers.
1. Find my match!
| ‘A’ Group | ‘B’ Group |
| 1. Lotus | a. Flower and leaves attract insects |
| 2. Aloe | b. Haustorial roots for absorption of food |
| 3. Cuscuta | c. Adapted to live in deserts |
| 4. Venus fly trap | d. Adapted to live in water |
Answer:
| ‘A’ Group | ‘B’ Group |
| 1. Lotus | d. Adapted to live in water |
| 2. Aloe | c. Adapted to live in deserts |
| 3. Cuscuta | b. Haustorial roots for absorption of food |
| 4. Venus fly trap | a. Flower and leaves attract insects |
2. Read the paragraph and answer the following questions:
I am a penguin. I live in polar region covered by snow. My abdomen is white. My skin is thick with a layer of fat underneath. My body is spindle-shaped. My wings are small. My toes are webbed. We live in flocks.
Q (a). Why is my skin white and thick and why is there a thick layer of fat underneath?
Answer:
- Penguins have white and thick skin to help camouflage them in their snowy region, making it harder for for their enemies to spot them.
- Penguins have a thick layer of fat underneath their skin to keep them warm in the severe cold, it acts as insulation and helps retain body heat.
Q (b). Why do we live in flocks sticking close to each other?
Answer: Penguins live in flocks sticking close to each other to stay warm. By sticking close together, they lose less heat and protect themselves from the cold.
Q (c). Which geographical region do I inhabit? Why?
Answer: – Penguins inhabit Antarctica region. Antarctica is surrounded by ocean. There climate is colder, drier and windier.
– It does not have human population. This climate is perfectly suitable for penguins, so they inhabit Antarctica.
Q (d). Which adaptations should you have to enable you to live permanently in the polar region? Why?
Answer:
- I should be a warm-blooded animal to enable me to live permanently in the polar region.
- My body needs thick fur or scales to keep heat in and help me survive the severe cold.
Q. 3. Who is lying?
Q (a). Cockroach – I have five legs.
Answer: Cockroach is lying. It has six legs.
Q (b). Hen – My toes are webbed.
Answer: Hen is lying because hen’s toes are not webbed. Duck has webbed toes.
Q (c). Cactus – My fleshy, green part is a leaf.
Answer: Cactus is lying. It’s fleshy, green part is a stem not a leaf.
Q (d). Camel has thin skin and short eyelashes.
Answer: Camel is lying. It has thick skin and long and thick eyelashes.
Q. 4. Read each of the following statements. Write a paragraph about adaptation with reference to each statement.
Q (a). There is extreme heat in deserts.
Answer:
- Plant’s stem is fleshy, leaves get modified into thorns to reduce loss of water. Steam perform photosynthesis without leaves.
- Animals have cushioned soles, hump, long legs and nostrils are protected by folds of skin. Long eyelashes to protect eyes.
Q (b). Grasslands are lush green.
Answer: Insects like grasshoppers have green colour so they can be camouflaged amidst grasses.
Q (c). We hide.
Answer: In equatorial region grasses are very tall, so to protect themselves from the animals like tiger, lion, elephants and deer remain hidden in these tall grasses.
Q (d). We have long ears.
Answer: It helps the animals to receive clear sounds from long distance, and they can protect themselves from predators.
Q. 5. Answer the following:
Q (a). Why is the camel called the ‘ship of the desert’?
Answer:
- Camels are called the ‘ship of the desert’ because they are well adapted to live in the desert.
- They have long legs and cushioned soles to walk easily on sand without sinking.
- Their nostrils have skin folds to keep out sand, and they have long, thick eyelashes to protect their eyes.
- Camel has hump that store fat, allowing them to go many days without food and water.
- Due to these adaptations make them great for carrying people and goods across the desert.
Q (b). How can the plants like cactus and acacia live in deserts with scarce water?
Answer: Plants like cactus and acacia can live in deserts with little water because of these adaptations:
- Their leaves are like small needles or thorns, so they lose very little water.
- Their stems store water and food, making them fleshy.
- Their green stems do photosynthesis because they don’t have many leaves.
- Their roots go deep into the soil to find water.
- Their stems have a thick, waxy layer to reduce water loss.
Q (c). What is the inter-relationship between adaptations of organisms and their surroundings?
Answer:
- Organisms adapt based on changes in their surroundings.
- These adaptations happen slowly and continuously over time.
- Adaptations help organisms to live, eat, reproduce, and protect themselves in their specific habitats and geographical conditions.
Q (d). How are organisms classified?
Answer:
- Scientists use different methods to classify plants and animals.
- Classification starts with large groups like the Animal Kingdom or Plant Kingdom and its breaks down further into sub groups based on similarities and differences.
- This system is called the ‘hierarchy of classification.’
- ’Binomial nomenclature is used to name each organism scientifically.
- Each scientific name has two parts: the first part is the ‘genus’ and the second part is the ‘species.’
- All organisms are given a binomial name following the International Code of Nomenclature. For example:
- Mango: Genus – Mangifera, Species – Indica
- Human: Genus – Homo, Species – Sapiens
Q. 6. Additional Questions :
A) Fill in the blanks.
1. …………. in stems and …………. of aquatic plants are useful for floating in water.
Answer: Air spaces, petioles
2. Leaves of some aquatic plants are …………. and …………. like a ribbon.
Answer: thin, slender
3. …………. in stems and …………. of aquatic plants are useful for floating in water.
Answer: Air spaces, petioles
4. Leaves of desert plants are modified into …………. .
Answer: thorns
5. Grasses in the …………. region are very tall.
Answer: equatorial
6. The stems of desert plants are green as they perform …………. in the absence of leaves.
Answer: photosynthesis
7. …………. roots of grasses prevent soil erosion.
Answer: Fibrous
8. Plants need …………., …………. and …………. for growth.
Answer: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
9. Fish have …………. within the body to help them to float.
Answer: air bladders
10. Bats can fly with the help of …………. .
Answer: patagium.
B) Who am I?
1. I am mango, my genus is?
Answer: Mangifera
2. I have waxy feathers and webbed feet.
Answer: Duck
3. I have silvery white body with thick long hair
Answer: Snow animals like polar bear.
4. I have waxy broad leaves and air spaces in my stem.
Answer: Lotus (or aquatic plants)
5. I breath through skin in water and through lungs on land.
Answer: Frog
6. I have sucking roots through which I take nutrition from my host plant.
Answer: Dodder (cuscuta)
7. My leaves trap insects.
Answer: Venus fly trap or pitcher plant.
8. I discovered Binomial nomenclature.
Answer: Carl Linnaeus
9. I have special thin folds in between my forelegs and hind legs called patagium.
Answer: Bat
10. My Scientific name is Bos taurus.
Answer: Sheep/ Cow
C) Name the following:
1. Animals which live in desert in deep burrows.
Answer: Rats, snakes, spiders, lizards
2. Animals which have webbed feet.
Answer: Frog, duck
3. Plants of snowy regions.
Answer: Deodar, pine
4. Plants that eat insects.
Answer: Drosera, venus flytrap, pitcher plant
5. 2 parts of bionomial nomenclature.
Answer: genus and species.
6. World Frog Protection Day.
Answer: 29th April
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